Some time ago I wrote a paper entitled “What is a Watt.” Although this paper seems lost in history (I can not find a copy of it), I can remember the point that I was trying to make when I wrote it. In essence, it made the case that a watt is only an instantaneous …
I usually try to make sure I’ve done my research prior to posting a blog. As I was thinking about the post about the ceramic ring test, however, it occurred to me that there are a couple of variables that I had not previously considered – – the pencil and the means of applying the markings to the …
One of the problems with using the number of watts consumed to produce a particular output of another form of energy (light, motion, heat, etc) is that there are always losses when one form of energy is converted to another. Although the law of conservation of energy always applies, energy lost in conversion to other forms of …
Over the years, there have been several anecdotal references to otherwise unexplained changes in the properties of surfaces exposed to ultrasonic energy in a liquid. In some cases, it would make sense that the change was due to increased cleanliness. In others, however, the benefit of cleanliness alone would seem questionable. One incident in particular …
Watts per gallon as a measure of ultrasonic cleaning tank capability is under growing scrutiny. In a series of blogs over the next several weeks, I hope to explore the origin of watts per gallon and the changes and ambiguities which have brought its continued use as a measure of ultrasonic capability into question. Also, if …
Viscosity and surface tension are properties that are often intuitively linked to one another. Because these properties are of primary importance in cleaning it will be worth the while to understand them a bit better. Surface tension is the property of a liquid that exists at the interface of the liquid with another media (usually …
I’ve made reference in the blog before to the fact that some surfaces are good candidates for ultrasonic cleaning while others are either difficult or impossible to clean. In general, surfaces that are hard (metal, glass) are easily cleaned using ultrasonics while softer surfaces (rubber, soft plastic) resist ultrasonic cleaning. The reason has to do …
The concept and purposes of an overflow weir are pretty simple but making them perform for maximum benefit can be a challenge. For the best performance of a weir used in a skimming application, liquid should overflow the entire width of the weir. An area of stagnation is formed behind an area where there is no …
Overflow weirs have specific purposes as they are utilized in industrial cleaning equipment. Also, as one might expect, there are several manifestations of the overflow weir which perform various functions. A simple “standpipe” is a form of weir as is a fitting on the side of a tank located just below the desired liquid level. …
Overflow weirs are common features of industrial cleaning systems. Simply, a weir is much like a dam that holds back a river to form a lake. In the case of a cleaning system, the “lake” is usually a tank of liquid. The “dam” is formed as a portion of the lip of the tank is …
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