The speed at which sound travels through a sound conducting media varies depending on the media. In general, sound travels faster in liquids than it does in gasses. Solids are the best conductors of all beating out both liquids and gasses. The speed at which sound travels through most materials depends on several variables including …
In a preceding blog I explained how sound waves are produced by a vibrating or pulsing source. Today, I want to take a few minutes to talk about the way sound waves travel through a sound conducting medium and reflect from surfaces. Many years ago in high school physics class, I was taught that sound waves …
Another of the basic properties of sound waves is frequency. Frequency is what we commonly call the pitch or tone of a sound. A higher frequency results in a higher tone while lower frequency results in a lower tone. Within the human hearing spectrum, a piccolo produces higher frequency or higher tones while a tuba …
In the preceding post I explained how sound waves are created by a vibrating or pulsing source and how they are conducted by a sound conducting media. Amplitude, Frequency and Wavelength are characteristics of sound waves that will be important to understand as we progress to an understanding of ultrasonics. Today’s topic is amplitude. The above …
The first step to an understanding of ultrasonics is to understand the physics of sound. Sound is vibration conducted from a vibrating or pulsing source. Sound is transmitted by all matter with variations in efficiency and speed depending on the nature of the matter and its environment. In general, solids are the best sound conductors …
The next series of blogs will explore ultrasonic cleaning in some detail. Today’s blog is an introduction to the world of ultrasound. The theory of sound was first defined and understood a little over 100 years ago when Lord Rayleigh published The Theory of Sound. Rayleigh was a Nobel Prize winner and, was also responsible for a number of …
The test laboratory is a special kind of place. The work conducted in the laboratory is experimental which usually indicates that we are trying things that have not been tried before to see what happens or doesn’t happen. Fortunately, at least in the cleaning laboratory, it is not likely that we will initiate an uncontrolled …
There are a number of metal finishing process which should be avoided in the manufacture of items subject to demanding specifications with regard to the presence of particles. These common processes, although employed with the best intent, result in the generation or unavoidable entrapment of particles which may be released under use conditions with potentially …
Some substrate materials are inherent particle generators and may never be cleaned to the point of there being no particles present. With these materials, particles are a way of life and can not be avoided. This, of course, makes cleanliness testing using particle analysis a difficult if not impossible task. The difficulty is exacerbated by …
Before we leave the subject of particles and particle counting, there are some things we need to touch on regarding “exceptional” particles. In an earlier blog, Particles That Don’t Count?, we discussed briefly some particles that may or may not count when it comes to analyzing the cleanliness of a part. These and several other kinds of …
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