The way in which sound sources operating at the same frequency combine to produce constructive and destructive intereference was discussed in a preceding blog. In today’s blog, we will explore how sounds of two different frequencies combine to produce beat frequencies. Two sound sources operating in phase at the same frequency produce reinforcement or constructive …
In a preceding blog I explained how sound waves are produced by a vibrating or pulsing source. Today, I want to take a few minutes to talk about the way sound waves travel through a sound conducting medium and reflect from surfaces. Many years ago in high school physics class, I was taught that sound waves …
Another of the basic properties of sound waves is frequency. Frequency is what we commonly call the pitch or tone of a sound. A higher frequency results in a higher tone while lower frequency results in a lower tone. Within the human hearing spectrum, a piccolo produces higher frequency or higher tones while a tuba …
In the preceding post I explained how sound waves are created by a vibrating or pulsing source and how they are conducted by a sound conducting media. Amplitude, Frequency and Wavelength are characteristics of sound waves that will be important to understand as we progress to an understanding of ultrasonics. Today’s topic is amplitude. The above …
The first step to an understanding of ultrasonics is to understand the physics of sound. Sound is vibration conducted from a vibrating or pulsing source. Sound is transmitted by all matter with variations in efficiency and speed depending on the nature of the matter and its environment. In general, solids are the best sound conductors …
The next series of blogs will explore ultrasonic cleaning in some detail. Today’s blog is an introduction to the world of ultrasound. The theory of sound was first defined and understood a little over 100 years ago when Lord Rayleigh published The Theory of Sound. Rayleigh was a Nobel Prize winner and, was also responsible for a number of …
Although manual re-washing techniques for harvesting particles are effective for a wide range of particle types and sizes, they may fall short in collecting particles that are very small (less than 10 or 20 microns) or difficult to remove from the surface of the substrate for one reason or another. Ultrasonics, which has long been the “gold standard” of cleaning, …
There are four basic variables that, combined, establish the success or failure of any industrial cleaning process. The variables are Time, Temperature, Chemistry and Agitation. Although there may be additional variables – things like fixture design and variations in the process prior to cleaning – which can have major impact and, in fact, make or …
When I first started working with ultrasonic cleaning back in the early 1960’s “ultrasonic” meant 20kHz. That’s all there was! Some very early sonic cleaning equipment used by one of the major automotive manufacturers in the prior decade had operated at 10kHz using a motor/generator to develop the driving signal for some very crude transducers …
Ultrasonic agitation of cleaning solutions is just one of many tools that can be used to facilitate and enhance a cleaning process. High frequency vibrations are introduced into a bath of liquid cleaning solution by specially designed devices called transducers which are similar in concept to loudspeakers but designed to operate at much higher sound …
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